DIFFERENT TYPES OF INCIDENT

In order to rate the severity aspect of risk assessment many organisations make a distinction between various types of incident.

Ill-health — hazard with the potential to cause ill-health. Typical examples of ill-health conditions include occupational asthma, asbestosis, hand arm vibration syndrome. 

Injury accident — may be subdivided into fatals, major injuries, over three day injuries and minor injuries. These are safety related events and include cuts, bruises, fractures, amputations etc.

Dangerous occurrence - the precise definition of a dangerous occurrence will vary from country to country and their national accident reporting requirements It is used to cover an undesirable event (as specified by the national government), such as a scaffold collapse which does not result in a reportable injury but could have done so, in slightly different circumstance, 

for example: 

• Collapse, overturning or failure of lifting machinery. 
• Collapse of a building or structure, explosion or fire, escape of flammable substances and escape of substances 

A Near Miss (or incident) is an unplanned, uncontrolled event that has not led to injury, damage or some other loss this time, but could have in slightly different circumstances. Examples include: articles falling near to people, short-circuits on electrical equipment. It is critical to record and analyse near misses as they are warnings of more serious accidents to come unless corrective action is taken - see Accident Ratios 

Damage only accidents are accidents which only cause damage to plant, materials, and premises. Workplace fires are a good example of such an event, where no one is injured but there is considerable property, materials and equipment damage.

For More About Safety Courses: +91 90258 02211 | info@poshesolutions.com

Nebosh IGC in Chennai | Nebosh HSW in Chennai | Poshe Solutions | Blog

Fire and Safety Engineering Course

Fire and Safety Engineering Course as a career option is fast catching up with the students in India. Whereas in abroad, Safety is an integral part of most of university programs.

Fire Engineering and Safety Management is getting its underlying foundations quickly as a profession option in India. It is just in nowadays that a large portion of the general population of our nation are getting to know it, though in abroad fire eng. what's more, wellbeing administration is a vital piece of a large portion of college projects.

Job Prospects

• Fire Officer/Fire Protection Technician/Safety Supervisor,
• HSE Engineer/ HSE Advisor,
• Safety Officer / Safety Manager,
• HSE / EHS Officer/ Manager
• Fire Men / Officer Safety Steward
• Safety Assistant / Environmental Engineer

Gulf is the biggest fire prone area in the world, because it has the largest storage of oil. Undoubtedly the highest budget of fire prevention and fire protection spent in the world is in the Gulf. They prevent fire by increasing the safety awareness of the people. That translates into thousands of job openings in the field of Safety as Safety Engineers, officers & Supervisors.

Eligibility Criteria: +2 Completion / Diploma
For More Details contact: +91 90258 02211 | info@poshesolutions.com

Nebosh in Chennai | Nebosh course in Chennai | Iosh Ms Course in Chennai  | Nebosh HSW Course in Chennai  | Nebosh IOGC in Chennai

For More About Safety Courses: +91 90258 02211 | info@poshesolutions.com

Nebosh IGC in Chennai | Nebosh HSW in Chennai | Poshe Solutions | Blog

Insured and Uninsured Costs

Uninsured costs vary between businesses and types of accident. They are, however, several times more than the insured costs. They can be likened to an iceberg. The costs recoverable through insurance are visible. But hidden beneath the surface are the uninsured costs. Like an iceberg, most of the costs are not immediately visible. 

In the UK studies have given different ratios for these insured to uninsured costs. 

• A study in a cheque-clearing department of a financial institution (a lower risk environment) found the insured: uninsured ratio to be 1:3.3. That means for every £1 recoverable from their insurance, the company had to meet a further £3.30 themselves.
• HSE studies found that the insurance premium paid: uninsured losses ranged from 1:8 to 1:36. That meant for every £1 they paid in insurance premiums, the companies had to meet a further £8 to £36 themselves for losses arising from accidents. 

Insured costs; 

• Injury 
• Ill-health 
• Damage to buildings 

Uninsured costs may include; 

• Lost time;
• Sick pay;
• Damage or loss of product and raw materials;
• Repairs to plant and equipment;
• Extra wages, overtime working and temporary labour; 
• Production delays; 
• Investigation time; 
• Fines; 
• Loss of contracts; 
• Increased insurance premiums 
• Loss of experience; 
• Legal costs; and 
• Loss of business reputation.

For More About Safety Courses: +91 90258 02211 | info@poshesolutions.com

Nebosh IGC in Chennai | Nebosh HSW in Chennai | Poshe Solutions | Blog

Fuel and Fuelling - Transport Safety

FLT can fuelled by, diesel, gas, battery.

Depending upon the fuel type, the hazards and precautions vary, as follows;

Fuel	Hazards	Precautions
Diesel	Dermatitis, carbon monoxide poisoning fire and   explosion	Training / barrier creams / gloves selection of FLT suitable for Task
Gas	Gas explosion, manual handling of cylinders	Training / lifting equipment / no smoking / carbon monoxide poisoning
Battery	Electrical explosion during charging, acid burns hydrogen build up, electrocution	Training / PPE / No smoking / charge timers, use of RCD's

Hazards

There are numerous hazards associated with the use of FLT, and they may be minimised by the use of competent staff, sound equipment, and good design of the workplace. Below are the main categories of hazard, and their causes.

Hazard	Causes
Contact with vehicles, fixed plant, racks	poor layout/operation
Collision with people and other vehicles	lack of room, poor operation, poor layout
Overturning of vehicle	operator error
Load falling	broken pallets, poor stacking, unstable loads
Mechanical failure	poor maintenance, exceeding SWL
Operator error	poor training and/or supervision
Refuelling	poor system, poor supervision

For More About Safety Courses: +91 90258 02211 | info@poshesolutions.com

Nebosh IGC in Chennai | Nebosh HSW in Chennai | Poshe Solutions | Blog

Fire Prevention and Controls

Control Measures to Minimise the Risk of Fire in a Workplace:

• Elimination of, or reduction in, the use and storage of flammable and 
• Combustible materials 
• Control of ignition sources, fuel and sources of oxygen 
• Systems of work 
• Good housekeeping 

Fire Detection, Fire Warning and Fire Fighting Equipment:

• Portable Fire Fighting Equipment: siting, maintenance and training requirements
• Extinguishing Media: water, foam, dry powder, vaporising liquids, gaseous 
• Means of Escape: doors, emergency lighting, exit and directional signs, assembly points 
• Emergency Evacuation Procedures: role of fire marshals, fire drills, roll call, provisions for vulnerable people

For More About Safety Courses: +91 90258 02211 | info@poshesolutions.com

Nebosh IGC in Chennai | Nebosh HSW in Chennai | Poshe Solutions | Blog

Nebosh IGC Course in Chennai - POSHE

The NEBOSH IGC Course is designed for Managers, Supervisors and employees who requires proficiency in the field of health and safety. 

Nebosh IGC Course are extensively valued across globe and is prerequisite for anyone working in or looking to work in the sphere of health and safety. It offers an outstanding debut to occupational safety and health which develops a basic competence and is suitable to work with any industries & organizations.
For More About Safety Courses: +91 90258 02211 | info@poshesolutions.com

Nebosh IGC in Chennai | Nebosh HSW in Chennai | Poshe Solutions | Blog

Nebosh HSW Course in Chennai - POSHE

The NEBOSH Health and Safety at Work is a globally recognized qualification offered by an established independent UK examination board NEBOSH. 

NEBOSH Health and Safety at work award is a first step towards other higher levels of NEBOSH qualification and provides a potent platform for breakthrough in to NEBOSH IGC.

Course Content
HSW 1 - Workplace Safety Foundation (Theory)

1. Foundations of health & Safety.
2. Responsibility for health and safety.
3. Health & Safety risk assessment and control.
4. Hazards and control associated with work equipment.
5. Transport safety.
6. Hazards and controls associated with working electricity.
7. Fire safety.
8. Hazards and controls associated with manual handling and repetitive movement.
9. Hazards and controls associated with hazardous substances.
10. Hazards and controls associated with working environment.

HSW 2 - Workplace Risk Assessment Activity (Practical)
For More About Safety Courses: +91 90258 02211 | info@poshesolutions.com

Nebosh IGC in Chennai | Nebosh HSW in Chennai | Poshe Solutions | Blog

NEBOSH Examination Question Words

The following words are commonly used in NEBOSH examination questions. Make sure you understand what they mean.

QUESTION WORD	REQUIREMENT
Define	Provide a generally recognized or accepted definition.
Describe	Give a word picture.
Explain	Give a clear account, or reasons for.
Give	Provide without explanation (used normally with the instruction to ‘give an example [or examples] of…’
Identify	Select and name.
List	Provide without explanation.
Outline	Give the most important features of (less depth than either ‘explain’ or ‘describe’, but more depth than ‘list’).
Sketch	Provide a simple line drawing using labels to identify specific features.
State	A less demanding form of ‘define’, or where there is no generally recognized definition.

Safety Courses in Chennai | Nebosh Courses in Chennai | International Diploma in OSH

Contact: +91 90258 02211 | info@poshesolutions.com

Important Abbreviations - HSE

ABS	Active Breaking Systems
AC	Alternate Current
ACGIH	American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
ACOP	Approved Code of Practice
A&E	Accident & Emergency Services
AETR	European Agreement concerning the work of Crews of Vehicles Engaged in International Road Transport
AIDS	Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
APF	Assigned Protection Factor
BBVs	Blood Borne Viruses
BLVs	Biological Limit Values
BMGVs	Biological Monitoring Guidance Values
BOLVs	Biological Occupational Limit Values
BSI	British Standards Institution
CAT	Cable Avoidance Tool
CDM	Construction (Design and Management)
CE	Conformity European
CEN	European Standards
CLP	Classification, Labelling and Packing
CO2	Carbon Dioxide
COP	Code of Practice
COPD	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
COSHH	Control of Substance Hazardous to Health
CPR	Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
CTS	Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
CNWR	Control of Noise at Work Regulations
DC	Direct Current
DOSH	Department of Occupational Safety and Health
DSE	Display Screen Equipment
EEA	European Economic Area
EFAW	Emergency First‐Aid at Work
EPL	Equipment Protection Level
ESA	European Safety Agency
ETA	Event Tree Analysis
EU	European Union
FAW	First‐Aid at Work
FLT	Forklift Truck
FMEA	Failure Mode and Effect Analysis
FRA	Fire Risk Assessment
FTA	Fault Tree Analysis
GHS	Globally Harmonised System
GNP	Gross National Product
HASAWA	Health and safety at Work etc., Act 1974
HAVS	Hand-arm Vibration Syndrome
HAZOP	Hazard and Operability Studies
HEPA	High-efficiency Particulate Arrester
HIV	Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HSC	Health and Safety Commission
HSE	Health and Safety Executive
HSG	Health and Safety Guidance
ICRP	International Commission of Radiological Protection
IEC	International Electro technical Commission
ILO	International Labour Organisation
ILV	Indicative Limit Values
IOELV	Indicative Occupational Exposure Limit Value
ISO	International Standardisation Organisation
IT	Information Technology
KPI	Key Performance Indicator
LEV	Local Exhaust Ventilation
LFS	Labour Force Survey
LGV	Large Goods Vehicle
LPG	Liquefied Petroleum Gas
LTEL	Long‐term Exposure Limit
mS	milliSeconds
MEWP	Mobile Elevated Work Platform
MHSWR	Management of Health and Safety at Work 1999
MSDs	Musculoskeletal Disorders
NGO	Non‐Governmental Organisation
NOx	Nitrogen Oxides
NRR	Noise Reduction Rating
OHSAS	Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series
OSHA	Occupational Safety and Health
OSH	Occupational Safety and Health
PAT	Portable Appliance Testing
PCV	Passenger Carrying Vehicle
PEL	Permissible Exposure Limits
PNA	Predicted Noise Attenuation
PPE	Personal Protective Equipment
PTS	Permanent Threshold Limit
PTW	Permit-to-work
RCD	Residual Current Device
RCSs	Risk Control System
REACH	Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals
RNOAD	Recording and Notification of Occupational Accidents and Disease
RPA	Radiation Protection Adviser
RPE	Respiratory Protective Equipment
Rz	Roughness
SDS	Safety Data Sheets
SLC	Sound Level Conversation
SNR	Single Number Rating
SO2	Sulphur Dioxide
SRV	Slip Resistance Rating
STEL	Short‐term Exposure Limit
SWL	Safe WorkingLoad
TTS	Temporary Threshold Shift
TWA	Time Weighted Average
TLVs	Threshold Limit Values
UNRTDG	UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods
UV	Ultraviolet
VWF	Vibration White Finger
WAH	Work at Height Regulations 2005
WBV	Whole Body Vibration
WEL	Workplace Exposure Limit
WHO	World Health Organisation
WRULDs	Work‐related UpperLimb Disorders

Nebosh Course in Chennai | nebosh in Chennai | GRAD IOSH | TECH IOSH

For More Details About Safety Courses : +91 90258 02211 | info@poshesolutions.com

Cranes - Construction Safety

Hazard: Significant and serious injuries may occur if cranes are not inspected before use and if they are not used properly. Often these injuries occur when a worker is struck by an overhead load or caught within the crane's swing radius. Many crane fatalities occur when the boom of a crane or its load line contact an overhead power line.

Solutions:

• Check all crane controls to insure proper operation before use.
• Inspect wire rope, chains and hook for any damage.
• Know the weight of the load that the crane is to lift.
• Ensure that the load does not exceed the crane's rated capacity.
• Raise the load a few inches to verify balance and the effectiveness of the brake system.
• Check all rigging prior to use; do not wrap hoist ropes or chains around the load.
• Fully extend outriggers.
• Do not move a load over workers.
• Barricade accessible areas within the crane's swing radius.
• Watch for overhead electrical distribution and transmission lines and maintain a safe working clearance of at least 10 feet from energized electrical lines.

Safety Courses in Chennai | Nebosh Courses in Chennai | International Diploma in OSH

Contact: +91 90258 02211 | info@poshesolutions.com

Common Causes of Fire in Businesses

Open Flames

• negligence in conducting hot work, such as welding, cutting or grinding; 
• improper use of candles;
• improper handling of flammable or combustible liquids or flammable gases in near-to-potential ignition sources; and
• matches and cigarettes that are improperly disposed of, or left unattended near combustibles.

Electrical

• damaged electrical conductors, plug wires or extension cords;
• use of faulty, modified or unapproved electrical equipment;
• insufficient space or clearance between electrical heating equipment and combustibles;
• short or overloaded circuits;
• loose electrical connections; and lighting.

Cooking

• deep frying in pots or pans on stove tops;
• unattended cooking appliances; and
• combustibles located dangerously close to cooking equipment.

Spontaneous Ignition and the Ignition of Waste Materials

• improper disposal of materials susceptible to spontaneous combustion, such as oily rags from wood finishing or polishing;
• accumulation of organic materials, such as green hay, grain or woodchips; and
• accumulation of waste combustible materials near potential sources of ignition.

Nebosh in Chennai | Nebosh course in Chennai | Iosh Ms Course in Chennai | Nebosh HSW Course in Chennai | Nebosh IOGC in Chennai

Safety and Information Signs

Use of Safety Signs 

• The purpose of safety signs
• A range of common safety signs: prohibition, warning, mandatory and safecondition signs in general workplace use

Safety and Information Signs 

Signs combine shape, colour and a pictogram (symbol) to provide specific health and safety information. Being pictographic they are universal, and do not rely on language or the ability to read.

Safety Condition signs are square or rectangular in shape, and have a green background with white pictograms and lettering. Examples of such signs are exit routes and first aid. They mean the safe way to do something.

Warning signs are triangular in shape, with a yellow background, and black pictogram and lettering. They mean danger - proceed with caution

Mandatory signs are circular in shape, with a blue background and white pictogram. They mean "must do". Examples are wear hearing defenders in an ear protection zone.

Prohibited signs are round in shape, with a white background and a red perimeter band and diagonal stripe. The pictogram is black in colour. Examples are No smoking.

Fire equipment signs these are square or rectangular in shape, with a red background and white pictogram. This sign denotes the location of fire fighting equipment.

Illuminated signs and acoustic signals such as alarms, and also verbal and hand signals are also covered in the regulations. We will now look at each of these areas briefly:

Dangerous locations/traffic routes: In places where there is a risk of people or equipment colliding with obstacles, or where objects may fall (i.e. storage facilities), these should be marked with yellow and black, or red and white striped tape or boards.

Traffic routes for internal transport must be clearly identified by continuous coloured lines, preferably, yellow or white.

Illuminated signs: Where such signs are required e.g. on emergency escape routes in the event of an electrical failure, and then these must have a battery back-up.

Safety Courses in Chennai | Nebosh Courses in Chennai | International Diploma in OSH

Contact for Safety Courses: +91 90258 02211 | info@poshesolutions.com