Hazard: Significant and serious injuries may occur if cranes are not inspected before use and if they are not used properly. Often these injuries occur when a worker is struck by an overhead load or caught within the crane's swing radius. Many crane fatalities occur when the boom of a crane or its load line contact an overhead power line.
Solutions:
- Check all crane controls to insure proper operation before use.
- Inspect wire rope, chains and hook for any damage.
- Know the weight of the load that the crane is to lift.
- Ensure that the load does not exceed the crane's rated capacity.
- Raise the load a few inches to verify balance and the effectiveness of the brake system.
- Check all rigging prior to use; do not wrap hoist ropes or chains around the load.
- Fully extend outriggers.
- Do not move a load over workers.
- Barricade accessible areas within the crane's swing radius.
- Watch for overhead electrical distribution and transmission lines and maintain a safe working clearance of at least 10 feet from energized electrical lines.
A suitable and sufficient risk assessment needs to identify all those that are potentially at risk and how. When considering who is at risk it is important to r all those who may be affected by the activity being assessed, not just those directly involved. Therefore the assessment would need to consider;
- Employees
- Maintenance staff
- Cleaners
- Contractors,
- Visitors
- General public
Within these groups there might be specific groups at risk such as young persons, new or expectant mothers and disabled persons (learning or physical disability) - see later in this section.
Scaffolding may be erected using traditional tubes and working platform.
The following terms are used to identify the component parts of a traditional tube and fitting scaffold:
- Standard: upright member.
- Ledger: horizontal member normally in the direction of the larger dimension of the working scaffold.
- Transom: horizontal member normally in the direction of the smaller dimensions of the working scaffold
- Putlog: horizontal member, flattened on one end, spanning from a ledger to sit in the pointing of brickwork.
- Raker: an inclined load-bearing member used to support a cantilevered working platform.
- Façade bracing: bracing parallel to the façade of the building
- Ledger Bracing: Bracing perpendicular to the face of the building.
- Eyebolt: means of securing scaffold to the building.
- Through Tie: means of securing scaffold to the building.
- Reveal Tie: means of securing scaffold to the building.
- Base plate: plate used for spreading the load in a standard over a greater area; a base jack is a base plate with a means of vertical adjustment.
- Sole Board: a timber plank positioned beneath two or more base plates to distribute the scaffold load more evenly over the ground.
- Coupler: device used to connect two tubes.
- Platform: one or more platform units in one level within a bay.
- Bay: the distance between pairs of standards.
- Lift: a storey.
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