NEBOSH Examination Question Words

The following words are commonly used in NEBOSH examination questions. Make sure you understand what they mean.

QUESTION WORD	REQUIREMENT
Define	Provide a generally recognized or accepted definition.
Describe	Give a word picture.
Explain	Give a clear account, or reasons for.
Give	Provide without explanation (used normally with the instruction to ‘give an example [or examples] of…’
Identify	Select and name.
List	Provide without explanation.
Outline	Give the most important features of (less depth than either ‘explain’ or ‘describe’, but more depth than ‘list’).
Sketch	Provide a simple line drawing using labels to identify specific features.
State	A less demanding form of ‘define’, or where there is no generally recognized definition.

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Important Abbreviations - HSE

ABS	Active Breaking Systems
AC	Alternate Current
ACGIH	American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
ACOP	Approved Code of Practice
A&E	Accident & Emergency Services
AETR	European Agreement concerning the work of Crews of Vehicles Engaged in International Road Transport
AIDS	Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
APF	Assigned Protection Factor
BBVs	Blood Borne Viruses
BLVs	Biological Limit Values
BMGVs	Biological Monitoring Guidance Values
BOLVs	Biological Occupational Limit Values
BSI	British Standards Institution
CAT	Cable Avoidance Tool
CDM	Construction (Design and Management)
CE	Conformity European
CEN	European Standards
CLP	Classification, Labelling and Packing
CO2	Carbon Dioxide
COP	Code of Practice
COPD	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
COSHH	Control of Substance Hazardous to Health
CPR	Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
CTS	Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
CNWR	Control of Noise at Work Regulations
DC	Direct Current
DOSH	Department of Occupational Safety and Health
DSE	Display Screen Equipment
EEA	European Economic Area
EFAW	Emergency First‐Aid at Work
EPL	Equipment Protection Level
ESA	European Safety Agency
ETA	Event Tree Analysis
EU	European Union
FAW	First‐Aid at Work
FLT	Forklift Truck
FMEA	Failure Mode and Effect Analysis
FRA	Fire Risk Assessment
FTA	Fault Tree Analysis
GHS	Globally Harmonised System
GNP	Gross National Product
HASAWA	Health and safety at Work etc., Act 1974
HAVS	Hand-arm Vibration Syndrome
HAZOP	Hazard and Operability Studies
HEPA	High-efficiency Particulate Arrester
HIV	Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HSC	Health and Safety Commission
HSE	Health and Safety Executive
HSG	Health and Safety Guidance
ICRP	International Commission of Radiological Protection
IEC	International Electro technical Commission
ILO	International Labour Organisation
ILV	Indicative Limit Values
IOELV	Indicative Occupational Exposure Limit Value
ISO	International Standardisation Organisation
IT	Information Technology
KPI	Key Performance Indicator
LEV	Local Exhaust Ventilation
LFS	Labour Force Survey
LGV	Large Goods Vehicle
LPG	Liquefied Petroleum Gas
LTEL	Long‐term Exposure Limit
mS	milliSeconds
MEWP	Mobile Elevated Work Platform
MHSWR	Management of Health and Safety at Work 1999
MSDs	Musculoskeletal Disorders
NGO	Non‐Governmental Organisation
NOx	Nitrogen Oxides
NRR	Noise Reduction Rating
OHSAS	Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series
OSHA	Occupational Safety and Health
OSH	Occupational Safety and Health
PAT	Portable Appliance Testing
PCV	Passenger Carrying Vehicle
PEL	Permissible Exposure Limits
PNA	Predicted Noise Attenuation
PPE	Personal Protective Equipment
PTS	Permanent Threshold Limit
PTW	Permit-to-work
RCD	Residual Current Device
RCSs	Risk Control System
REACH	Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals
RNOAD	Recording and Notification of Occupational Accidents and Disease
RPA	Radiation Protection Adviser
RPE	Respiratory Protective Equipment
Rz	Roughness
SDS	Safety Data Sheets
SLC	Sound Level Conversation
SNR	Single Number Rating
SO2	Sulphur Dioxide
SRV	Slip Resistance Rating
STEL	Short‐term Exposure Limit
SWL	Safe WorkingLoad
TTS	Temporary Threshold Shift
TWA	Time Weighted Average
TLVs	Threshold Limit Values
UNRTDG	UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods
UV	Ultraviolet
VWF	Vibration White Finger
WAH	Work at Height Regulations 2005
WBV	Whole Body Vibration
WEL	Workplace Exposure Limit
WHO	World Health Organisation
WRULDs	Work‐related UpperLimb Disorders

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Cranes - Construction Safety

Hazard: Significant and serious injuries may occur if cranes are not inspected before use and if they are not used properly. Often these injuries occur when a worker is struck by an overhead load or caught within the crane's swing radius. Many crane fatalities occur when the boom of a crane or its load line contact an overhead power line.

Solutions:

• Check all crane controls to insure proper operation before use.
• Inspect wire rope, chains and hook for any damage.
• Know the weight of the load that the crane is to lift.
• Ensure that the load does not exceed the crane's rated capacity.
• Raise the load a few inches to verify balance and the effectiveness of the brake system.
• Check all rigging prior to use; do not wrap hoist ropes or chains around the load.
• Fully extend outriggers.
• Do not move a load over workers.
• Barricade accessible areas within the crane's swing radius.
• Watch for overhead electrical distribution and transmission lines and maintain a safe working clearance of at least 10 feet from energized electrical lines.

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Common Causes of Fire in Businesses

Open Flames

• negligence in conducting hot work, such as welding, cutting or grinding; 
• improper use of candles;
• improper handling of flammable or combustible liquids or flammable gases in near-to-potential ignition sources; and
• matches and cigarettes that are improperly disposed of, or left unattended near combustibles.

Electrical

• damaged electrical conductors, plug wires or extension cords;
• use of faulty, modified or unapproved electrical equipment;
• insufficient space or clearance between electrical heating equipment and combustibles;
• short or overloaded circuits;
• loose electrical connections; and lighting.

Cooking

• deep frying in pots or pans on stove tops;
• unattended cooking appliances; and
• combustibles located dangerously close to cooking equipment.

Spontaneous Ignition and the Ignition of Waste Materials

• improper disposal of materials susceptible to spontaneous combustion, such as oily rags from wood finishing or polishing;
• accumulation of organic materials, such as green hay, grain or woodchips; and
• accumulation of waste combustible materials near potential sources of ignition.

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Safety and Information Signs

Use of Safety Signs 

• The purpose of safety signs
• A range of common safety signs: prohibition, warning, mandatory and safecondition signs in general workplace use

Safety and Information Signs 

Signs combine shape, colour and a pictogram (symbol) to provide specific health and safety information. Being pictographic they are universal, and do not rely on language or the ability to read.

Safety Condition signs are square or rectangular in shape, and have a green background with white pictograms and lettering. Examples of such signs are exit routes and first aid. They mean the safe way to do something.

Warning signs are triangular in shape, with a yellow background, and black pictogram and lettering. They mean danger - proceed with caution

Mandatory signs are circular in shape, with a blue background and white pictogram. They mean "must do". Examples are wear hearing defenders in an ear protection zone.

Prohibited signs are round in shape, with a white background and a red perimeter band and diagonal stripe. The pictogram is black in colour. Examples are No smoking.

Fire equipment signs these are square or rectangular in shape, with a red background and white pictogram. This sign denotes the location of fire fighting equipment.

Illuminated signs and acoustic signals such as alarms, and also verbal and hand signals are also covered in the regulations. We will now look at each of these areas briefly:

Dangerous locations/traffic routes: In places where there is a risk of people or equipment colliding with obstacles, or where objects may fall (i.e. storage facilities), these should be marked with yellow and black, or red and white striped tape or boards.

Traffic routes for internal transport must be clearly identified by continuous coloured lines, preferably, yellow or white.

Illuminated signs: Where such signs are required e.g. on emergency escape routes in the event of an electrical failure, and then these must have a battery back-up.

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Tips For Fire Safety

Space Heaters Need Space
Keep portable and space heaters at least 3 feet from anything that may burn. Never leave heaters on when you leave home or go to sleep. Children and pets should always be kept away from them.

Smokers Need To Be Extra Careful
Never smoke in bed or when you are sleepy. Carelessly discarded cigarettes are a leading cause of fire deaths in the United States.

Be Careful Cooking
Keep cooking areas clear of combustibles and wear short or tight-fitting sleeves when you cook. Keep the handles of your pots turned inward so they do not over-hang the stove. If grease catches fire, carefully slide a lid over the pan and smother the flames, then turn off the burner.

Matches and Lighters are Dangerous
In the hands of a child, matches and lighters can be deadly! Store them where kids can't reach them, preferably in a locked area. Teach children that matches and lighters are "tools" and should only be used by adults.

Use Electricity Safely
If an appliance smokes or has an unusual smell, unplug it immediately and have it repaired. Replace frayed or cracked electrical cords and don't overload extension cords. They should not be run under rugs. Never tamper with the fuse box or use the improper size fuse.

Cool a Burn
If someone gets burned, immediately place the wound under cool water for 10 to 15 minutes. If the burn blisters or chars, see a doctor immediately!

Be Careful of Halogen Lights
If you have halogen lights, make sure they are away from flammable drapes and low ceiling areas. Never leave them on when you leave your home or office.
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